The Financial Supervisory Overview urge
a country's financial management authority to monitor all financial activities. Form of supervision is to strengthen the management of the financial sector has emerged as an industry. In China, the financial supervision system by the financial audit, financial examination, financial surveillance and financial auditing several forms. Have their own attributes and the division of labor between them, but interrelated, and together constitute a complete financial supervision system. The
financial oversight of the generation and development
financial supervision system produced in the United States. The early 19th century, with the banking institutions have been established, the competition between the increasingly fierce, the emergence of the phenomenon of a run on deposits and bank failures, resulting in a credit crisis. In order to protect the financial industry, the U.S. federal government in 1791 established the Commonwealth Bank, began to assume some of the functions of the central bank supervision of the financial industry. It marked the beginning of the financial supervision. 1864 U.S. Congress passed the National Bank Act expressly provides for the establishment of the part of Treasury's Comptroller of the Currency, which is the earliest history of the United States to exercise financial oversight functions of the department. In 1913 the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act, the Federal Reserve System, thus established by law. Most of the time and effort of the Federal Reserve Board in the exercise of financial oversight functions. Of modern nations to exercise financial supervision institutions have a single, such as the French Banking Commission; there are multiple, such as the United States. With the international financial activities have become more frequent, the need for common standards for oversight. After years of effort world pie network information , in July 1988, the Basel banking regulations and supervisory committee on a unified international bank capital calculation and capital standards to reach the "Basel II" countries generally follow international banking supervision standards.
China a long period of feudal society and semi-feudal society, underdeveloped commodity economy, the financial industry lags behindWorld Steel Pipe , the lack of socio-economic conditions of the establishment of financial supervision. Form of supervision in the banking audit until the modern banking. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the financial supervision has been strengthened. People's Bank of China in 1985 set up the Audit Division, the specialized banks and other financial institutions have also set up the Internal Audit Department, jointly exercise financial oversight functions. 1986 the State Council promulgated the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China Bank, the provisions of the People's Bank of China as the central bank, one of the responsibilities of leadership, management, coordination, supervision, audit and specialized banks and other financial institutions, business. So far China's financial supervision in the government administrative regulations be formally confirmed. Form of supervision of the
financial supervision
financial supervision generally can be divided into financial audit, financial examination, financial surveillance and financial audit of four forms. Their common range of financial decision-making and financial decision-making between the execution system.
From the supervision of content, can be divided into special financial supervision and comprehensive financial supervision; from supervisory personnel to the scene can be divided into the field of financial supervision and off-site financial supervision; from the monitoring data collection methods can be divided into direct supervision and submitted to the supervision; from the object of supervision can be divided into the administrative supervision of the staff of financial institutions (monitoring) and operational oversight of financial institutions.
Financial oversight role
given by the State financial supervision departments to use all kinds of supervision at all levels of various financial institutions and implementation of national financial laws and regulations, supervise on the implementation of financial guidelines and policies, to ensure the effective implementation of the central bank's monetary policy and The staff of financial institutions honest and upright. While troubleshooting a variety of measures, and supervision of all financial institutions to strengthen their internal management, reduce business risk and to maintain the stability of the financial industry, and achieve the purpose of promoting the healthy development of the financial services industry.