reform nickel smelting, processing and manufacturing equipment and processes, increased mechanization, closed level. Improve the ventilation and dust suppression measures, and enhance personal protection and health care.
contact with nickel and nickel compounds cause skin inflammation and airway inflammation dominated the phenomenon of the lesions, an occupational disease. Long-term exposure, and increased nasal cancer and lung cancer. Inhalation of high concentrations of nickel carbonyl can cause acute poisoning. Industry, mainly in mining, smelting of nickel ore, nickel, nickel alloy manufacturing, chemical, refining and battery and other industry contacts of nickel and nickel compounds.
the nickel and nickel compounds poisoning mechanism is not yet entirely clear, most people that the nickel carbonyl to cause toxic effects to the prototype. Nickel to cause nasal cancer and lung cancer, although epidemiological investigation has not been fully resolved.
nickel dermatitis According to the history of occupational exposure, the lesions showed symptoms, combined with cell immunological tests, make a diagnosis, the treatment of allergic dermatitis, systemic administration and topical. Acute nickel carbonyl poisoning, according to the history of occupational exposure, the typical clinical manifestations, especially severe delayed symptoms and lung x-ray abnormalities, and diagnosis can be made. Drive-nickel treatment available diethyl dithiocarbamate sodium formate (DDC), oral administration of 0.5g each, 3 to 4 times a day, oral administration of sodium bicarbonate can reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. Promptly take emergency measures, such as positive pressure oxygen, dehydration, diuretic, hormone therapy, and pulmonary edema.
industry more than nickel and nickel salts to the dust from the respiratory tract into the body, slow the absorption, distribution to various organs, the lung content, followed by brain, liver and kidney, and other organizations. The in vivo nickel is excreted by the feces, urine and sweat. Nickel into the mouth of almost not absorbed, and low toxicity World steel pipe network editing . Or skin sensitizer. Nickel carbonyl is a colorless liquid, volatile at room temperature, the vapor form is quickly absorbed through the respiratory tract, causing pulmonary edema and other clinical symptoms.
China in 1979, the provisions of nickel carbonyl in air of workplace maximum allowable concentration of 0.001mg/m3. The United States in 1981 provides nickel metal threshold limit 1mg/m3, soluble nickel compounds (nickel account) 0.1mg/m3. Japan in 1980, the provisions of nickel carbonyl Ae limits 0.007mg/m3.
thecaused by contact with nickel dermatitis, skin lesions exposed parts, mainly as erythema, papules, Qiu herpes, accompanied by severe itching. Contact dermatitis showed eczematous changes. Cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis world pie network information , cough, sputum production, asthma and eosinophil cell histiocytosis. In addition, the long-term exposure can cause chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and nasal septum perforation. Clinical manifestations of early onset of symptoms and delayed symptoms in patients with acute nickel carbonyl poisoning. The former is mostly non-specific headache, dizziness, nausea, unsteady gait, and upper abdominal pain. Symptoms disappear soon after the disengagement. By 12 ~ 30h after severe delayed symptoms, chest tightness, shortness of breath and severe difficulty breathing, a cough, the symptoms of foamy bloody sputum, cyanosis, pulmonary edema. Sicker, blurred consciousness and coma, and myocardial damage. x-ray examination of the two hilar shadows and higher density, increased lung markings.
Nickel poisoning (nickel poisoning)