[Edit this paragraph] Overview of the Central Bank
the formation of a government agency responsible for the control of the national money supply, credit conditions, the regulation of the financial system, especially the commercial banks and savings institutions.
Central bank is the highest one country's monetary and financial regulatory agencies, the dominant position in the national financial system. The functions of the central bank is the macro-control, to protect the financial security and stability in financial services.
Central bank is the bank issued currency, the stable currency plays an important role in regulating the money supply. The central bank is the "bank of banks", which brings together the custodian bank's reserves, and loans them to act as "lender of last resort".
Central bank is a "national bank", it is the policy formulation and implementation of national currency, the tools of government intervention in the economy; the country to provide financial services, treasury agents, agents to the issue of government bonds to raise funds for the government ; on behalf of the Government to participate in the international financial organizations and international financial activities. Engaged in the business of the
central bank and other financial institutions are engaged in the business of the fundamental difference is that central banks are engaged in business is not for profit but for the realization of the national macro-economic target service, which is located by the central bank status and nature of the decision.
The central bank's main business: currency, centralized reserve, loans, rediscount, securities, gold accounted for the payments and foreign exchange, commercial banks and other financial institutions to apply for funds allocated to the business of clearing and funds transfer and so on.
[Edit this paragraph] the Central Bank of the economic background
central bank in the latter half of the 17th century, formed in the early 1800s, it is the economic background is as follows:
commodity economy (1) the rapid development of the early 18th century, Western countries began the Industrial Revolution, the rapid development of social productive forces and the rapid expansion of the commodity economy, prompting the money management industry has become increasingly popular and increasingly profitable, and the resulting desire to control the monetary wealth.
(2) of the capitalist economic crisis, the frequent appearance of the inherent contradictions of the capitalist economy will inevitably lead to a continuous economic crisis. The face of the situation at that time, the bourgeois government began to find the reasons why the monetary system in an attempt to control, through the issuance of bank notes to avoid and save the frequent economic crisis.
(3) the universalization of the Bank of Credit and centralized capitalist industrial revolution prompted an unprecedented increase productivity, increased productivity, while promoting capitalism bank credit industry has been booming. First, the bank operators, mainly increasing; the banking sector is gradually moving towards joint, centralized and monopolistic.
[Edit] Central Bank generated by the objective requirements of
the rapid development of the capitalist commodity economy, the frequent occurrence of the economic crisis, universalized and centralization of bank credit, not only laid the economic foundation for the generation of the central bank, objective requirements for the generation of the central bank.
(1) the rapid development of monetary wealth and banks the control
capitalist commodity economy, which calls for the establishment of the monetary system and credit system. Bourgeois governments in order to broaden the market, but also need to have great monetary wealth backing. (2) single currency in
the issue
early stages of development in the banking industry, almost every bank has the power to issue bank notes, but with the economic development, increase in the expansion of markets and banking institutions, bank notes scattered issued ills more and more obvious, which calls for a financially strong and enjoy the authority of the bank in the country to unify the issue of bank notes. The
(3) focus on the needs of the credit
commercial banks are often insufficient working capital position of scheduling not working in, which objectively requires the central bank, it can not only focus on a number of banks' reserve can not lose when you should for other commercial banks to provide the necessary working capital for the bank to act as a lender of last resort.
(4) the establishment of the Check Clearing for the center
With the continuous development of the banking sector, banks giving or receiving of the number of notes per day increase in complex claims and liabilities between banks, the banks own netting same-day liquidation has been difficult. On the concept of such a situation asked to produce the central bank, as the country unified, authoritative and impartial settlement center. The
(5) unified financial the management
banking and financial market development, you need the government to carry out the necessary management, which requires to produce attached to the specialized agencies of the government's central bank to implement the government on banking and financial markets the management. The nature of the central bank's
[Edit this paragraph], the functions and structure
(1) the nature of the central bank can be scientifically described as: the central bank is given by the State to develop and implement monetary policy, macro-control on the national economy supervision and management of special financial institutions. Nature of
's central bank embodied in it is a "special financial institutions above Specifically, the particularity of including their status, the special nature of business and management of particularity.
(2) the nature of the central bank embodied in its functions, the central bank issued bank, the government's banker, the bank of banks, macroeconomic regulation and control of the bank four functions.
Central bank is the bank of issue. It is a monopoly right to the issuance of currency, is the only issuer of cash.
Central bank is the bank of the bank. This function can best embody the nature of the central bank's special financial institutions. Apply for "storage, release, exchange, is still the main business of the central bank World Steel Pipe News , the business object is not an ordinary business and personal, but commercial banks and other financial institutions. Institutions as financial management, the functions of specific performance in a centralized deposit, the lender, the country's liquidation three. The
central bank is the country's banks. This function mainly in the following areas: agency treasury; agent state bond issues; to give credit support to the State; custody of foreign exchange and gold preparations; formulating and overseeing the hospitality of the relevant financial regulations. In addition, the central bank on behalf of the Government to participate in the international financial organizations, to attend various international conferences, international financial activities, and on behalf of the government to sign the international financial agreements; to act as advisers to the government's domestic and international economic and financial activities, to provide economic, financial intelligence and decision-making recommendations.
(3) the structure of the Central Bank of the structure of the central banking system, which includes the content of the central bank's capital structure, balance, structure and power structure world pie network information .
[Edit this paragraph] the central bank in financial supervision the status
(1) before the 1980s, most countries the central bank is the financial industry or bank supervision.
(2) Now, the central bank as the only subject of financial regulation, has been unable to adapt to the new financial landscape. This is because the traditional role of banks in the financial system is being challenged, the financial markets are playing an increasing role in economic development, so many countries, establish a separate regulatory body to monitor the increasing number of non-bank financial institutions, such as the CBRC , CSRC, CIRC.
(3) from the practice of the national financial regulation, the regulatory regime can be divided into four categories: separate operation, separate supervision, such as France and China; Mixed Operation of separate operation and mixed supervision, such as South Korea; separate supervision, such as the United States and Hong Kong; mixed operation and mixed supervision, such as the United Kingdom and Japan. Whether to play by the central bank supervision of the important task of a different situation: there is still responsible for the overall supervision by the central bank; the central bank is only responsible for the supervision of the banking sector; separate agency outside the central bank, solely on the financial regulation.
(4) the central bank's functions include: functions, regulation functions, management functions