a ferrous metal, steel and nonferrous metals
Introduced the classification of steel before the first briefly outline the basic concepts of ferrous metals, steel and nonferrous metals.
1, black metal is an alloy of iron and iron. Such as steel, pig iron, ferro alloys, cast iron. Steel and pig iron are iron, carbon add an element of the alloy, collectively known as the iron-carbon alloy.
Pig iron is the iron ore into the blast furnace smelting products, mainly used for steel making and manufacture of castings. Casting iron cupola in the melting the cast iron (liquid), liquid cast iron cast into the casting, the cast iron called iron castings. Ferroalloy is an alloy of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium and other elements, iron alloy is one of the steelmaking raw materials to use in steelmaking deoxidizer and alloying elements of steel additives.
2, steelmaking pig iron into steel-making furnace according to the certain process smelting steel. The product of the steel ingot, billet and cast all kinds of steel castings. Usually steel, generally rolled into the steel of all kinds of steel. Steel is a black metal but steel is not completely equal to the black metal.
3, non-ferrous metals, also known as non-ferrous metals, in addition to metals and alloys of ferrous metal such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum and brass, bronze, aluminum and bearing alloy and so on. Chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc. In addition, in the industrial metal is mainly used as alloy additions, and to improve the performance of the metal, including tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, for the production of tool use carbide. These non-ferrous metals are known as industrial metals, in addition to precious metals: platinum, gold, silver and rare metals, including radioactive uranium and radium.
steel classification
Steel is a carbon content between 0.04% -2.3% iron-carbon alloy. In order to ensure its toughness and ductility, the carbon content is generally not more than 1.7%. Steel elements In addition to iron, carbon, as well as silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. Variety of classification of steel, the following seven kinds:
1, according to the quality classification
(1) Ordinary steel (P ≤ 0.045%, S-≤ 0.050%)
(2) high quality steel (P, S-were ≤ 0.035%)
(3) high quality steel (P ≤ 0.035%, S-≤ 0.030%)
(2), according to the chemical composition classification
(1) carbon steel: a low-carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25%); (b) carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25 ~ 0.60%); c. High-carbon steel (C ≤ 0.60%) .
(2) alloy steel: (a) low-alloy steel (total content of alloying elements ≤ 5%); (b) in alloy steel (total content of alloying elements> 5 ~ 10%); c. High-alloy steel (total content of alloying elements> 10%).
Forming method: (1) forged steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot-rolled steel; (4) cold drawn steel.
4, the microstructure classification
Annealed condition (1): (a) sub-eutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite); b. Eutectoid steel (pearlite); c eutectoid steel (pearlite + cementite the body); d ledeburite (pearlite + cementite).
(2) normalizing the status of: (a) pearlite steel; (b) bainitic steel; martensitic steel; (d) austenitic steels.
(3) no phase change or part of a phase transition.
5, according to the use classification
(1) the construction and engineering steel: (a) ordinary carbon steel; (b) low-alloy structural steels; reinforced steel.
(2) structural steel
a mechanical manufacturing of steel: (a) quenched and tempered structural steel; (b) surface hardening of structural steel: carburizing steel infiltration ammonia steel surface hardening of steel; (c) easy to cut structural steel ; (d) cold plastic forming of steel: cold stamping steel, cold heading steel.
(b) spring steel
c bearing steel
(3) tool steel: (a) carbon tool steel; (b) alloy tool steel; high-speed tool steel.
(4) the special properties of steel: a stainless steel acid; (b) heat-resisting steel: including anti-oxidation of steel, hot-strength steel, valve steel; electric alloy steel; d. Wear-resistant steel ; (e) low-temperature steel; (f) electrical steel.
(5) professional steel - such as bridge steel, shipbuilding steel, boiler steel, pressure vessel steel, agricultural machinery steel.
6, the classification
(1) Ordinary steel
a carbon structural steel: (a) Q195 AT; (b) Q215 (A, B); and (c) of Q235 (A, B, C); (d) Q255 (A, B); (e) Q275.
(b) low-alloy structural steel
c a particular purpose, ordinary structural steel
(2) high quality steel (including high quality steel)
a high-quality carbon structural steel structural steel: (a); (b) alloy structural steels; (c) spring steel; (d) easy to cut steel; (e) bearing steel; (f) specific use high-quality structural steel.
(b) tool steel: (a) carbon tool steel; (b) alloy tool steel; (c) high-speed tool steel.
c special properties of steel: (a) stainless steel acid; (b) heat-resisting steel; (c) electric alloy steel; (d) electrical steel; (e) high wear-resistant manganese steel.
7, according to the smelting classification
(1) furnace sub-
open-hearth steel: (a) the acid open-hearth steel; (b) alkaline open hearth steel.
(b) converter steel: (a) the acid converter steel; (b) basic converter steel. Or (a) bottom blowing converter steel; (b) side-blown converter steel; (c) top-blown converter steel.
c electric furnace steel: (a) electric arc furnace steel; (b) electroslag furnace steel; (c) induction furnace steel; (d) vacuum consumable electrode furnace steel; (e) The electron beam furnace steel.
(2) deoxy extent and pouring system
a. boiling steel; (b) semi-killed steel; killed steel; d. special killed steel.