| delivery status | Description | hot-rolled | steel hot-rolled or forged, and not subject to specialized heat treatment, cooling directly after delivery, known as hot-rolled or hot forging state, termination of the temperature of hot rolling (forging) is generally 800 ~ 960 ° C, generally in the air natural cooling, and thus the state of hot rolling (forging) is equivalent to normalizing treatment. The difference is because of the termination of the hot rolling (forging) high and low temperature, unlike normalizing the strict control of the heating temperature, and thus fluctuations in the steel microstructure and properties are well done. Many iron and steel enterprises controlled rolling and finishing rolling temperature control is very strict, and forced cooling measures taken after the final rolling, and thus the grain refinement of steel, delivery steels have higher mechanical properties. Twist and controlled cooling hot-rolled plate is superior than the ordinary hot-rolled wire rod performance is the truth, hot-rolled steel (forging) state of delivery, the surface covered with a layer of oxide scale, and thus has a certain degree of corrosion resistance, storage and transportation custody requirements, unlike cold drawn (rolled) less strict than the state of delivery of steel, large and medium-sized steel, thick steel plate can be stored in open storage or thatch cover. | cold drawing (rolling) | cold drawing, cold, cold forming of steel, without any heat treatment and direct delivery of state, referred to as cold drawing or cold-rolled state. Compared to the hot rolling (forging) state, steel cold drawn (rolled) state high dimensional accuracy, surface quality, surface roughness and high mechanical properties, cold drawn (rolled) state delivery steel steel oxide surface does not cover, and a lot of internal stress, are especially vulnerable to corrosion or rust, thus cold drawn (rolled) state, its packaging, storage and transportation have more stringent requirements, the general need in the Treasury custody, and should pay attention to the temperature and humidity control within the Treasury. | normalizing | steel factory by being heat treatment, this delivery status, said normalizing state. Heating temperature of normalizing (sub-eutectoid steel Ac3 +30 ~ 50 ° C, the eutectoid steel Accm +30 ~ 50 ° C) termination of strict temperature control than hot-rolled, and thus the organization of the steel, uniform performance. Steel and annealed state compared normalizing cooling faster Steels increase in the number of the pearlite, pearlite lamellar and grain refinement of steel, and thus have higher mechanical properties, and contribute to improve the the widmanstatten of low carbon steel and over eutectoid steel the cementite mesh, to organize preparations for further heat treatment of the finished product. Carbon steel, alloy structural steel steel often normalizing the status of delivery. Some high strength low alloy steel such as 14MnMoVBRE, 14CrMnMoVB, steel in order to obtain bainite also requires normalizing state delivery. | annealing | steel factory prior to annealing, the delivery condition is called the annealed condition. The main purpose of annealing is to eliminate and improve the organization left over from the previous process defects and internal stress, and prepare for the following process to prepare the organization and performance, alloy structural steel, to ensure the hardenability structural steel, cold heading steel, bearing steel, tool steel, turbine blade steel, iron chain body heat-resistant stainless steel, steel commonly used in the annealed state delivery. | high-temperature tempering | steel factory high temperature heat treatment, this delivery condition is called high-temperature tempered condition. High temperature tempering, tempering temperature, eliminate internal stress and improve the ductility and toughness, the carbon structure steel, alloy steel, hardenability structural steel steel can be used to state delivery of high-temperature tempering. Some high-strength martensitic stainless steel, high-speed tool steel and high strength alloy steel, high hardenability and alloying elements to strengthen the role, often in the quenched (or tempering) after the first high-temperature tempering, the steel carbides in the appropriate aggregation, get carbide coarse particles tempering the sorbite organizations (and spheroidized annealed structure), therefore, this delivery status of the steel have a good cutting performance. | solution treatment | after solution treatment in the steel factory, this delivery status known as solution heat treatment. This state apply to the processing of austenitic stainless steel material before leaving the factory. Solution treatment, the single-phase austenite, in order to improve the toughness of steel and plastic, to create conditions for further cold (cold-rolled or cold drawn), and can also make the organization ready for further precipitation hardening. |