(铬 chromium 3 poisoning)
exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium compounds have significant local irritation and corrosive effects of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin absorption, precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids, interfere with the enzyme system; at low concentrations is a common allergens. After inhalation of high concentrations of chromic acid mist, sneezing, runny nose, red throat, bronchospasm, and allergic asthma World steel pipe network editing , pneumonia and pleural effusion. Long-term exposure to chromate dust workers, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, lung and chronic inflammation. After oral administration of potassium dichromate, oral mucosa, yellowing, vomitingWorld Steel Pipe , difficulty swallowing, epigastric burning pain, diarrhea, bloody stools; severe cases, shock, cyanosis, dyspnea, acute renal failure. Has caused acute poisoning with chromate treatment of warts or burning hemorrhoids. Chromium compounds can cause contact dermatitis, chrome ulcers (see occupational skin pain), lung cancer (see the chromate manufacturing workers lung).
chromium (Cr), silver-gray heavy metal, atomic weight 51.996, density 6.92kg/m3, melting point 1860 ° C, boiling point 2480 ° C, insoluble in water, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Chromium is very lively. Divalent chromium is generally considered non-toxic, easily oxidized into high-priced chrome. Trivalent chromium compounds is not easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; stable chromium compounds in the skin surface and protein binding; deposited in the lungs, mostly insoluble, and not for organizations to use toxicity. Hexavalent chromium compounds is a strong oxidant, 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Cr (VI) under acidic conditions can be reduced to trivalent chromium. Dichromate cheap chromium can be oxidized under alkaline conditions. Common chromium compounds Cr2O3, CrO3, CrCl3, Na2CrO4, K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7, Na2Cr2O7. Contact operations metallurgy (manufacture high quality steel, stainless steel and chromium alloy), electroplating, refractory materials, paints, pigments, ceramics, leather, fur processing, and solid-color, photographic materials, matches manufacturing and aviation gasoline and so on.
inhalation of chromium compounds caused by the phenomenon of human disease. Suction people hexavalent chromium compounds, dust or fumes can cause acute damage of acute respiratory tract irritation and allergic asthma; chronic damage of the skin and mucous membrane irritation and corrosion, such as dermatitis, ulcers, rhinitis, nasal septum perforation, pharyngitis . Nasal damage caused by hexavalent chromium compounds known as chrome nose pain.
treatment principles and internal medicine, dermatology, etc. is the same. The same principles as the precautionary principle and occupational poisoning. Workplace air chromium trioxide, chromates and dichromates (conversion Cr2O3) maximum allowable concentration: Chinese regulations 0.05mg/m3, Japan Industrial Health Association provides 0.1mg/m3 Medical Association of the United States of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ( ACGIH) provide that the time weighted average concentration of 0.05mg/m3.