diagnosis of occupational benzene poisoning by Chinese standards. Inhalation of large amounts of benzene vapor in the short term, can quickly cause acute benzene poisoning. Exclude cerebral hemorrhageWorld Steel Pipe , hysteria and epilepsy and other diseases based on clinical manifestations, diagnosis is easy for sure. Chronic poisoning, the lack of specific diagnostic indicators. In addition to the history of exposure and clinical symptoms, mainly based on white blood test results, after a certain period of observation and review, the total number of white blood cells are basically at the 4 × 109 / L, to rule out agranulocytosis, hypersplenism, thrombocytopenic purpura, before diagnosis . The diagnosis of chronic benzene poisoning grading standards, divided into the object of observation; mild, moderate and severe poisoning. If the patients with organic lesions of the nervous system, aplastic anemia or leukemia, and certainly the basis of occupational history, we still need to do differential diagnosis.
benzene industrial application of a very wide and can be used as the solvent, thin agents, raw materials, fuels and cleaning agents, so the opportunities for a wide range of people to contact. Extracted from coal tar or oil cracking in the production of benzene, the staff will be exposed to benzene.
rescue of acute benzene poisoning as soon as possible to prevent respiratory paralysis, ventricular fibrillation. Hanged adrenaline, there is no specific antidote, intravenous infusion of a lot of vitamin C and glucuronic acid, assisted detoxification. Acute poisoning by active rescue, most patients recover better. The individual may have the aftermath of the neurasthenic syndrome, or mental abnormalities.
workshop benzene (skin) the maximum allowable concentration 40mg/m3.
exposure to benzene vapor or liquid due to acute or chronic diseases. Acute benzene poisoning inhibition of the central nervous system as the main manifestation of chronic benzene poisoning while the hematopoietic system damage as the main performance.
pathogenesis of benzene poisoning has not been fully elucidated. The past that the benzene as a fat-soluble substances accumulate in the nerve tissue and bone marrow fat more more, thus causing the nervous system and hematopoietic system damage. According to the results of animal experiments of 14C-labeled benzene, the benzene metabolites phenol, hydroquinone, o-phenol. Most of the metabolites were combined with sulfate and glucuronic acid with the urine; unbound phenol in the urine accounted for only 5%. Phenol produced faster than the toxic combination of speed, accumulate in the body. The conversion of phenols as a protoplasmic poison, direct inhibition of cell division can cause significant damage to more active proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Benzene caused blood cell abnormalities occurred in patients with chromosome aberrations increased rate of polyploid and hypodiploid. 1960s, by 3H thymidine nucleotide incorporation and application of radiation imaging technique observation, found that benzene poisoning, blood cells, thymine nucleotide synthesis, degradation, re-use and reserves, are subject to. In addition, other metabolic intermediate of the benzene - epoxide, a strong chemical activity, and glutathione rapid response, therefore, may be related to the other groups of the protein and nucleic acid to form a covalent toxic. Immunological development has phenol and thiol in the cytoplasm, protein denaturation, a complete antigen and cause autoimmunity, but yet to be demonstrated.
Benzenepoisoning (benzene 7 poisoning)
chronic poisoning the central and autonomic nervous system function disorders are early signs. Reduce the most common clinical manifestations of the hematopoietic system white blood cells, followed by thrombocytopenia, severe aplastic anemia. And can be skin, mucous membrane bleeding, women often excessive menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual period. Toxic particles visible particles within the cytoplasm of the laboratory tests and vacuoles, chromatin loose. Nuclear as the left, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity is often increased World Pipe network informed. Bone marrow hematopoietic cells to aplastic like. Anemia, the vast majority of the normal type, may also have large cell type. Very few patients can cause a series of blood cells increased, which is more common in acute myeloid leukemia, followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and erythroleukemia.
mechanism of benzene as a fat-soluble substances, medium toxicity, mainly the form of vapor inhalation. The skin can absorb only a small amount of gastrointestinal absorption completely. 1h after exposure to higher concentrations of benzene vapor, about 50% of inhaled; after cessation of exposure, 30% to 50% of the prototype discharge from the respiratory tract, only 0.1% to 0.2% from renal excretion. Benzene is mainly distributed in the organization of lipid more, such as bone marrow or abdominal fat, red blood cells within about two times more than plasma. Benzene is mainly metabolized in the liver, converted to phenols. Large amounts of inhaled benzene, urinary phenol (phenol) combined with sulfuric acid or glucuronic acid excretion increased. Constant total sulfate in the urine, organic sulfate excretion of inorganic sulfate is relatively reduced, the matter index sulfate (inorganic sulfate / sulfate) fall. Therefore, the determination of phenol in urine or organic sulfate excretion, can measure the extent of absorption of benzene, while the former than the latter is more meaningful.
acute symptoms of poisoning mainly due to the inhibitory effect of benzene on the central nervous system. Mild drunken-like excitement, skin flushing, dizziness. Followed by nausea, vomiting and an unsteady gait. Severe poisoning occurs when loss of consciousness, limbs, muscle spasms, convulsions, dilated pupils, light responses disappear thin pulse rate, blood pressure, can occur in the respiratory center paralysis or agitation of excessive tea children phenol amine or epinephrine to stimulate myocardial ventricular fibrillation occurred. Severe poisoning a few hours later, the skin, mucous membrane petechiae, or ecchymoses. A large number of liquid benzene inhaled, can cause pulmonary edema or hemorrhage. ECG may have myocardial ischemia or Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ degree atrioventricular block.
chronic benzene poisoning treatment more than satisfied. According to TCM differentiation of qi and blood, and for-profit blood and warming yang etc. Act. L white blood drug combination therapy, there is a certain short-term effect on symptoms and white blood cells to improve, but long-term effects are more than enough. Benzene-induced aplastic anemia, treatment principles with primary aplastic anemia. After treatment, some patients will recover.
Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, is colorless and transparent with slightly aromatic and volatile liquids, molecular weight 78.11. Boiling point of 80.1 ℃. Benzene below 5.5 ℃ condensation for solid benzene liquid density at 20 ° C as 0.8794, vapor density 2.77Kg/m3, the lighted -12 ℃ lower explosive limit of 1.4% to 8%, explosive. Benzene, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents. Goods benzene mixed with toluene, xylene, and trace amounts of phenol, carbon disulfide.